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Thursday marked one of the most important days in congressional history for diversity. A record 102 women took office, 35 whom were newly-elected. They include Ilhan Omar and Rashida Tlaib, the first Muslim women to serve in the House of Representatives, and Deb Haaland and Sharice Davids, the first Native American women. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, now the youngest congresswoman in history, also took the oath of office. The night before her swearing-in, a nearly decade-old clip of the 29-year-old began to resurface online, where she and other students dance to Phoenix’s then-hit song “Lisztomania.” It was uploaded to YouTube the year before she graduated from Boston University in 2011.

There’s nothing remotely scandalous about the video, but that hasn’t stopped right-wing Twitter users from attempting to weaponize it against Ocasio-Cortez, who is a Democratic Socialist. The New York representative is likely used to these types of attacks. Since winning her election in November, Ocasio-Cortez has been criticized for the clothes she wears, her bank balance, her modest childhood home, and now, apparently, for dancing in college.

But the reason Ocasio-Cortez’ detractors were able to find the video on the internet in the first place is far more interesting than their criticism. The story demonstrates how copyright law is often used to squash free expression on the internet—and sometimes even potentially erase a video featuring a future member of Congress.

The Ocasio-Cortez “Lisztomania” video was inspired by a separate YouTube clip uploaded in March 2009 by a woman named Sarah Newhouse (it has since been deleted; more on that later). Newhouse mixed the song with parts of iconic dancing scenes from 1980s “Brat Pack” movies like The Breakfast Club, which originally featured Karla DeVito’s “We Are Not Alone,” and Pretty in Pink starring Molly Ringwald and Jon Cryer.

“The video itself came as a product of being a creative type with too much time on my hands, having then-recently lost my job, spending time just editing goofy nonsensical videos to keep myself sane,” Newhouse said in a Twitter direct message. “I was also a fan of using YouTube Doubler to play with video and audio, and that combined with Phoenix's then-new album making me dance Molly Ringwald-style in my kitchen.”

Newhouse’s video quickly snowballed into a meme. Dozens of copycat clips were uploaded to YouTube, all featuring people doing The Breakfast Club dance to “Lisztomania,” including Ocasio-Cortez at Boston University. One of the earliest videos is from a group of dancers who filmed themselves on a roof in Brooklyn; their take was uploaded only several months after the original. According to Newhouse, Phoenix thought the video and subsequent mashups were great. “Oh, they loved it, they offered to have me come to a show and meetup, but they weren't playing anywhere nearby at the time, so that never happened,” she said.

This is where the copyright law portion of the story begins, which was first brought to WIRED’s attention by Parker Higgins. Back in 2013, Lawrence Lessig, a Harvard Law School professor and longtime copyright reform activist, uploaded a video to YouTube of a talk he had given at a Creative Commons event two years prior. It featured several of the Breakfast Club/Phoenix mashups, to help illustrate the point that “remixing” is an important part of culture.

Liberation Music, Phoenix’s record label, soon served Lessig with a takedown request under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, demanding the video be taken down for violating its copyright for “Lisztomania.” Lessig quickly filed a DMCA counter-notice, arguing the his video constitutes “fair use,” since the song was excerpted for educational purposes—ironically to teach people about why copyright laws can stand in the way of cultural production. (This wasn’t even the first time a company had gone after the “Lisztomania” mashups. In 2010, Julian Sanchez uploaded a video to YouTube about the cultural importance of “remix culture,” which also featured the Brat Pack/Phoenix mashups. It also received a takedown request.)

Liberation Music threatened to sue Lessig, were he not to retract his counter-notice within 72 hours. Lessig then teamed up with the nonprofit Electronic Frontier Foundation to file another lawsuit, which Liberation Music settled for an undisclosed sum the next year. The record label also promised to adopt new policies that respect fair use. In this case, proponents of the freedom to remix, like Lessig and the EFF, won. But were Liberation Music to have gone after less copyright-savvy YouTube users, it may have been more successful in getting clips that featured “Lisztomania” removed. For instance, the video featuring Ocasio-Cortez may have been lost, erasing a small part of the story of an historic congressperson.

LEARN MORE

The WIRED Guide to Memes

Similar DMCA takedown requests are regularly issued to YouTube users and those of other social media sites. Videogame companies have also issued DMCA takedowns against streamers, for instance. “The real danger of overzealous copyright enforcement isn't usually from targeted attempts to silence speech (although those happen to), it's from the Kafkaesque scattershot approach of just taking things down without caring about the consequences. The Lessig stuff definitely fell into that latter camp,” says Higgins, who worked at the Electronic Frontier Foundation during the time of Lessig’s case and is now at the Freedom of the Press Foundation. The problem also extends far beyond just YouTube mashups.

Copyright policy often polices the expression of underrepresented groups, says Higgins, making it more difficult for them to freely create art. For example, judges have previously hindered hip-hop musicians from sampling other music in their work, an integral feature of the genre. “For a decade or so, courts basically put forth an interpretation of copyright law that said this whole art form that was being created and shaped and enjoyed by black communities was basically illegal, and that there was no way to make it legal without getting permission from (largely white) artists and record label executives,” he explains. Three songs on the 1994 Notorious B.I.G. album Ready to Die no longer feature samples after two record labels won a lawsuit in 2006, for example.

Meanwhile, Newhouse, who created the original Breakfast Club/Phoenix mashup, says her entire YouTube account has since been deleted—for copyright infringement. “It was a three strikes rule, I got three copyright claims and poof!”

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Maybe you are one of those humans that avoids all trailers because they spoil the movie too much. I am not one of those humans. Which is why I immediately watched a trailer that came out this week for the upcoming Marvel movie Ant-Man and the Wasp. Although I was a huge comic book fan growing up, I never really got into Ant-Man. But the first Ant-Man movie was better than expected—and now I'm looking forward to this sequel.

If you don't know about Ant-Man, I'll give you a quick overview. This superhero uses special technology that allows him to shrink to ant-size (or sometimes he can also get really big—as seen in Captain America: Civil War). He also has the ability to communicate with ants. Oh, and the technology used to change the size of Ant-Man can also be used to shrinkify or embigenate other objects.

In the trailer, we see Hank Pym (the creator of the size-changing technology) shrink a whole building and then roll it away on wheels. But what happens when you shrink a building? To answer that, we have to thinking about what shrinking actually does in the Marvle Universe. When an object shrinks, does its size get smaller but its mass stays constant? Perhaps the density of the object stays constant during the process—or maybe it does something weird like moving into other dimensions.

Really, the mechanics of shrinking is pretty tough to figure out. There's conflicting evidence from the first film: First, there is the case where Scott Lang (aka Paul Rudd aka Ant-Man) puts on the suit and shrinks. At one point, he falls onto the floor and cracks the tile, suggesting that he keeps the mass of a full-size human. Later, though, we see that Hank Pym has a tiny tank on his key chain—a real tank that was just reduced in size. But clearly, this tank couldn't have the same mass as a full size tank. Otherwise, how would he carry it around?

Whatever. I'm just going to go with the idea that the mass stays constant—and if I'm wrong, oh well. It's just a movie anyway.

Let's start with the full-sized building in this trailer. How big is it? What is the volume? What is the mass? Of course I am going to have to make some rough estimates, so I'll start with the size. Looking at the video, I can count 10 levels with windows. That makes it 10 stories with each story 4 meters tall, (roughly). That would put the building at a height of 40 meters. When the build shrinks down, it looks fairly cubical in shape. This would put both the length and width at 40 meters. The volume would be (40 m)3 = 64,000 m3.

Why do I even need the volume? Because I'm going to use it to estimate the mass.

I'm sure some civil engineer somewhere has a formula to calculate building mass, but I don't want to search for that. Instead, I can find the mass by first estimating the density (where density is defined as the mass divided by the volume). For me, it is easier to imagine the density of a building by pretending like it was floating in water. Suppose you took a building and put in the ocean (and the building doesn't leak). Would it float? Probably. How much of it would stick out above the water? I'm going to guess that 75 percent is above water—sort of like a big boat. From that, I get a density of 0.25 times the density of water or 250 kg/m3 (more details in this density example).

With the estimated volume and density, I get a building mass of 16 million kilograms. Again, this is just my guess.

Now let's shrink this building down to the size in the trailer. I'm going to assume it gets to a size that's just 0.5 meters on each side, putting the volume at 0.125 m3. If the mass is still 16 million kilograms, the tiny building would have a density of 512,000 kg/m3. Yes, that is huge. Just compare this to a high-density metal like tungsten (used in fishing weights). This has a listed density of 19,300 kg/m3. This building would have a density that is 26 times higher than tungsten.

But wait! There's more! What if you put this tiny and super massive building down on the ground with just two small rolling wheels, like Hank Pym does in the trailer? Let me calculate the pressure these wheels would exert on the road, where pressure is the force divided by the contact area. The size of the wheels is pretty tough to estimate—and it's even harder to get the contact area between the wheels and the ground. I'll just roughly estimate it (and guess on the large size). Let's say each wheel has a 1 cm22 contact area for a total of 2 cm2 or 0.0002 m2.

I know the force on the ground will be the weight of the building. This can be calculated by taking the mass and multiplying by the local gravitational constant of 9.8 Newtons per kilogram. Once I get this force, I just divide by the area to get a contact pressure of 3.14 x 109 Newtons per square meters, or 3.14 Gigapascals. Yes. That is huge. Let's compare this to the compressive strength of concrete at about 40 Megapascals. The compressive strength is the pressure a material can withstand before breaking. Clearly 3 Gigapascals is greater than 40 MPa. Heck, even granite has a compressive strength of 130 MPa.

If Hank wants to roll this building away so that no one will notice, he is going to have a problem. The wheels will leave behind a trail of destruction by breaking all the surfaces it rolls on. Or there is another option. Maybe the mass of the building gets smaller when it shrinks—but in that case, I don't have something fun to write about.

More Marvel Physics

  • Superheroes are really big on this shape-shifting stuff—but is the Incredible Hulk really as hulky as he looks in Thor: Ragnarok?

  • You can also have shape-shifting planets, like the weird non-spherical planet Sovereign in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2. Could that really work?

  • And for some super-nerdy density physics: Can you calculate the center of mass in Thor's hammer?

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Dating in 2018 can be a challenge. I'm sorry, let me rephrase: It suuuuuuuuccckkkkksssss.

Apps like Tinder, Bumble, Hinge, Grindr, and others are the dater's tools of choice , and yet hating them is the one thing we can all agree on these days. They're often more hazard than help, and the forced psychoanalysis of every picture and witty answer can shake even the most durable of confidences loose. Why am I not getting more matches? Why didn't they respond? But is it your fault, or the app's? Is it really possible to find true love with just your thumbs? I set out on a journey to find out, and it starts with defining love itself.

The heart of the matter is the heart itself. Like any muscle, it must be worked on to grow. And love for most people seems to emulate that—a laborious growing process. A symbiotic relationship where two people don't just grow together, but toward each other. But how do you decide on the person, the deciding factor of your success? I asked some of my friends that question and got varying answers: Someone that makes me laugh. Someone that's empathetic. Someone that gets me snacks. But how do you filter for that? Will Tinder ever have a checkbox for "level of snack-readiness?"

So if we agree that common interests and values are the types of things we're all looking for in relationships, how can we be expected to find them in an app that sorts for first-glance aesthetics and the ability to write one clever sentence about yourself? It's Romance Roulette. Your filters aren't set for love; they're set for lust, and their equation for it is faulty at best. Your best chance at not getting eliminated before you even start is to conform, in which case you arrive safely in the dating pool without any of the things that make you, you. Dating apps reward homogeneity, sifting everyone into two-dimensional profiles that look the same, sound the same, and in some cases, even algorithmically identify which picture is best to represent you for the largest possible audience.

Of course, people don't love each other for what makes them the same; they love them for what makes them unique. I wanted someone insatiable, someone whose eyes set ablaze when they talked about something important to them. I wanted someone who was a good friend, a motivator, someone who enjoyed being a blessing to those around them. I wanted someone to invest their love in me for exactly the things that make me different. For those looking for a simple standard, a dating app can provide you with a sea of able-bodied mates. I wanted more than a flat photo and a single sentence could provide. So I chose to swipe dating apps right off my homescreen.

Bye Bye, Bumble

Moving away from dating apps sounds liberating—and it is. You'll realize characteristics that only matter inside your phone screen—What picture is best of me? What's one sentence that describes me? Why am I not getting the matches I want?—have been worrying you way too much outside of it. If you try to game love, you can expect love to game you. Hookups and temporary flings can be easy to find on apps, but when deep connections keep evading you, it's not the app you question. It's yourself. It can chew on your confidence to the point where it's no longer raising your chances by widening the pool, it's hurting them by leaving you at half strength during the times that really matter.

But how does one even meet people without an app anymore? Approaching strangers in bars is harder than it's ever been; we leave our dating to our phones, and real life is spent inside the confines of our tightly knit friend circles. Anyone trying to date outside of their phone has the potential to come off, well, creepy.

The New Old Fashion

So to find old-school love I went old-school. I went speed dating for some face-to-face conversations, and it changed everything. I could gauge my interest within 30 seconds of talking to each person, and didn't have to make plans and text awkwardly all week just to get to there. They didn't have to tell me through a text they were passionate, I could see it. I didn't have to endure the difficult work of predicting if they would make me double over laughing; it either happened or it didn't. But—maybe even more importantly—it was a better shot for me.

There were no filters—and therefore no excuses—they were actually getting me. My personality, my humor, my empathy, even my snack-readiness, with no thumb-crafting involved. We know humans crave connection—real, deep, meaningful connection. Yet it's difficult to find that depth over text; it happens with body language. It happens with the dance and tempo of real conversation. The chemistry isn't very complicated if the ingredients never touch.

I went on to take a boxing class, and joined a new gym. I joined a social kickball team. I went to concerts of my favorite artists. I swapped my swipe for a tap into all the social events the internet could offer. Now instead of conforming, I formed it to me. I filtered for the things I liked doing, and indirectly filtered for the types of people I would meet. Add to that the kicker: When I showed up to the online dates I wasn't interested in, I had wasted a night. But if I didn't meet someone while my favorite musician bathed me in a searing guitar solo? It's a win-win. It's not that it's impossible to find love on dating apps—it certainly isn't. But it is a brute force trial and error approach. Instead of taking a route chosen for me, I considered my strengths and chose something fitted to them. For some, dating apps will widen the pool and lead to success. For others, like me, you might be better off on the road not taken. I may not have found true love just yet, but I'm enjoying the journey a helluva lot more.


How We Love: Read More

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Do You Have a Normal Sex Life?

The average person will kiss 21.5 people in their lifetime. And while guys lose their virginities at 16.8 years old, women will hold out a little longer until 17.2 years old. Find out how you stack up between the sheets as we run through the stats of an average sex life, as told with sex dolls.

Let's get this out of the way: A lot of norms were disrupted in the videogame industry this week. There was news of a writer at a top gaming site allegedly plagiarizing reviews, and also reports that the Chinese gaming market is having troubles. Oh, and Diablo III is making the leap to the Nintendo Switch. Up is down, down is up, and a lot of things are out of whack. So let's expect the unexpected and get right to it.

PSA: Do Not Plagiarize Your Game Reviews. Seriously. Don't.

The journalistic side of the gaming industry was positively rocked this week with the news that Filip Miucin, a now very former editor at IGN, one of the biggest gaming sites in the world, allegedly plagiarized a significant amount of his work for the site. The similarities between Miucin's writing and that of others was discovered after a YouTuber posted a video entitled, "IGN Copied my Dead Cells Review: What do I do?" Once the information hit the internet, IGN investigated the matter, removed Miucin's review, and promptly parted ways with him.

It didn't end with the Dead Cells review, though. Further investigations found other similarities between Miucin's work and that on other sites. There are some examples on Kotaku, along with more context on the case. It's possible a plagiarism scandal like this has never hit games, and it served as a reminder the industry needs more mechanisms in the hiring and editing processes to root them out.

The Chinese Game Market Is Having Some Problems Right Now

News broke this week that the Chinese game market is essentially at a stand-still thanks to regulatory shakeups with the agencies responsible for granting licenses to new games. How'd this happen? Basically, every game released in China has to pass through regulatory bodies before it can be released. (This makes it a tough place for foreign developers who want to tap the country's huge market but always run the risk of getting rejected, especially since foreign games receive heavy scrutiny.) And in the last four months, as reported by the South China Morning Post, the approval of licenses in China has completely stopped, affecting all games on all platforms. The situation is too dense to properly explain in detail here, but it seems that instability in the regulatory agencies, along with concerns about gambling-esque mechanics like loot boxes and other potentially objectionable content, is motivating the freeze. Stay tuned.

Diablo III Is the Latest Game to Make the Leap to the Nintendo Switch

You won't need to hack your Switch to hack and slash (hehehehehe), because Diablo III, the latest in Blizzard's series of fantasy-based action/adventure games. First released in 2012, the game has seen a number of re-releases, expansions, and updates, giving it a pretty long lifespan. And in the grand tradition of Hey, why don't we put that on the Nintendo Switch? they're putting it on the Nintendo Switch.

Naturally, there will be exclusive Nintendo-ified goodies within. Ever wanted to fight the god of all demons as Ganondorf? Now's your chance.

Recommendation of the Week: Doom (2016)

Recently, Bethesda announced Doom: Eternal, the sequel to id's inventive reboot of the epochal shooter franchise, and it's convinced me to spend some time revisiting it. And, frankly, it's still stunning. What gets me the most, on this particular playthrough, is how much personality there is in every little moment. The game has a distinct set of attitudes and aesthetics, epitomized in the quietly mocking, rebellious and wrathful silent hero. Even some of the best games skate by with barely half as much attention to tone and mood as this title. It's a little unfair, really.

Nintendo Labo Gets a Cheap VR Kit

March 20, 2019 | Story | No Comments

Good morning, friends, and welcome to another edition of Replay. This week's videogame news includes a, um, battle royale between Fortnite and Apex Legends, another weird gaffe by Steam, and Nintendo sneaking a big surprise into an unassuming package. Press Start now.

Nintendo's Using Its DIY Cardboard Platform to Get Into VR

Remember Nintendo Labo? The cardboard thing, where you could build little models and robots and stuff and animate them with the Switch? It was part Lego robotics kit, part mini-game generator, and it was a fascinating experiment on the part of Nintendo. It was pretty kid-friendly, to boot! Well, now it's gonna do VR. The main VR kit will cost $80 and will feature VR goggles as well as several cardboard kits to build, while a $40 set will feature the goggles with only one kit, a blaster.

It's an interesting mixed-media approach to VR, the basic tech of a Google Cardboard merged with fully meatspace models that attach to the goggles and make them a bit more spatially vibrant for the kids to latch onto. As Nintendo's first foray into VR since the Virtual Boy, this is definitely a surprise. Testing the waters, maybe? We'll see if Nintendo's interest in VR continues into the future. But if not, at least we've got a neat cardboard laser out of the deal.

Fortnite Has Finally Been Pushed From Its Twitch Throne

For the past 11 months, Fortnite was the most-watched game on Twitch, which is one of the best barometers of a game's success the internet has to offer. If it's being watched, it's being talked about, written about, and just about everything else. A watched game is a big game. And for almost a year, Fortnite was easily the biggest.

Is Fortnite still the biggest game in general? It's hard to say for sure, but one thing is certain: It's no longer the most watched game on Twitch. Last month, that honor went to Apex Legends, the hottest new battle royale on the block. Will Apex Legends be able to keep up that momentum? Only time, and Twitch views, will tell.

Steam Blocks a Pretty Upsetting Game for a Pretty Flimsy Reason

Big ol' content warning for this one, folks. OK? OK.

So Steam, as we know, has questionable moderation policies, as exemplified by the game Rape Day, a real title that its developers attempted to release on the platform. The game, if it can be called that, is a visual novel in which you commit terrible acts of violence against women. Steam, a few days after Rape Day went viral for its untold horrors, announced the service would not be allowing it on the store. That seems good, right? Well, read on. "Much of our policy around what we distribute is, and must be, reactionary—we simply have to wait and see what comes to us via Steam Direct," Valve said in a statement. "We then have to make a judgment call about any risk it puts to Valve, our developer partners, or our customers. After significant fact-finding and discussion, we think Rape Day poses unknown costs and risks and therefore won't be on Steam."

Which, OK, cool. But a couple of things. First, that's the reasoning? It might put your bottom line at risk? That's a weak reason to remove a game from the store, when "because it's about really upsetting things for no good reason" is right there. That's not to say I want Steam to be moralizing on its storefront, but—and this is my second thing—it seems as though the company has no standards outside of keeping an eye on what people are most upset about, which is no way to run a market that sells pieces of interactive expression. I'm not sure how to curate a marketplace like Steam, but I'm fairly certain this is not it.

Recommendation of the Week: Black Mesa on PC

Half-Life is one of the greatest games of all time, a classic first-person shooter that set the mold for what those games could be. It's also, well, pretty old, and maybe you want to satisfy that Half-Life craving but with a more modern twist. For that, you gotta try Black Mesa, a full remake of the game created by fans turned creators in the newest version of the Source engine. It's impressive, works to fix some of the biggest problems the original had, and is almost—very nearly—entirely finished. Check it out.

Does Your Doctor Need a Voice Assistant?

March 20, 2019 | Story | No Comments

“Siri, where is the nearest Starbucks?”

“Alexa, order me an Uber.”

“Suki, let’s get Mr. Jones a two-week run of clarithromycin and schedule him back here for a follow-up in two weeks.”

Doesn’t sound that crazy, does it? For years, voice assistants have been changing the way people shop, get around, and manage their home entertainment systems. Now they’re starting to show up someplace even a little more personal: the doctor’s office. The goal isn’t to replace physicians with sentient speakers. Quite the opposite. Drowning in a sea of e-paperwork, docs are quitting, retiring, and scaling back hours in droves. By helping them spend more time listening to patients and less time typing into electronic health records, voice assistants aim to keep physicians from getting burned out.

It’s a problem that started when doctors switched from handwritten records to electronic ones. Health care organizations have tried more manual fixes—human scribes either in the exam room or outsourced to Asia and dictation tools that can only convert text verbatim. But these new assistants—you’ll meet Suki in a sec—go one step further. Equipped with advanced artificial intelligence and natural language processing algorithms, all a doc has to do is ask them to listen. From there they’ll parse the conversation, structure it into medical and billing lingo, and insert it cleanly into an EHR.

“We must reduce the burden on clinicians,” says John Halamka, chief information officer at Boston-based Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.1 He’s been conducting extensive early research around how Alexa might be used in a hospital, to help patients locate their care team or request additional services, for example. “Ambient listening—the notion that technologies like Alexa and Siri turn clinician speech and clinician-patient conversations into medical records—is a key strategy.”

Alexa and Siri might be the best known voice assistants, but they’re not the first ones doctors are trusting with their patients. While Amazon and Apple are rumored to be working on voice applications for health care, so far they’re still piloting potential use cases with hospitals and long-term care facilities. They don’t yet have any HIPAA-compliant products on the market.

Not so for Sopris Health, a Denver-based health intelligence company that launched today after starting to roll out its app at the beginning of the year. You don’t summon a name to turn it on, just tap it when you want it to start listening. It automatically converts the audio to free text, then turns that speech into a doctor’s note, thanks to hours of training data from actual doctors’ visits. So “I think I’d like to see you again if things aren’t feeling better within a few days,” becomes “Schedule three-day follow-up.” Or, “We’re going to need to get an MRI of that left knee to figure out what’s going on in there” becomes “Order left knee MRI.”

Much in the same way that Google’s neural networks learned that cats and dogs are different animals that people like to keep as pets, Sopris’ algorithms learned to use context clues to pull out the medically actionable parts of a conversation. A cardinal number becomes an interesting feature—maybe it’s a calendar date or the dose of a medication. The words around it help the app decide to schedule a follow-up or order a prescription. And because it integrates directly with the EHR vendor, no separate orders or emails or phone calls are necessary: You just hit a button.

By doing so, physicians assume responsibility (and liability) that everything in it is correct. Which might sound like a leap of faith, but Sopris CEO and co-founder Patrick Leonard says is actually a positive feature. “What’s really cool is it’s changing physician behavior in a good way,” he says. “The app forces them to practice active listening, double-checking with patients that they got everything right. Which they actually have time for, now that they’re not sitting at a computer for six hours a day.” And if the assistant gets anything off, doctors can manually overwrite it.

Sopris plans to eventually move beyond orthopedics into other specialties; it’s currently in talks with a large children’s hospital about creating a pediatrics module. Another clinical voice company also launching today has even bigger plans. With $20 million in funding and stacked with engineers from Google and Apple, Redwood City-based Suki unveiled its AI-powered digital voice assistant this morning. Former Googler Punit Soni founded the company a year ago (it was originally called Robin), and has since launched a dozen pilots in internal medicine, ophthalmology, orthopedics, and plastic surgery practices in California and Georgia. Preliminary results from the company show Suki cuts physician paperwork by 60 percent.

For now, the app still needs some hand-holding. You have to say “Suki, this patient is 67 years old,” and “Suki, we need to order a blood test.” That’s because Soni’s team gave it just enough seed data to survive. But eventually, with enough data flowing through its neural nets, doctors will be able to say simply, “Suki, pay attention.” And then it’s on to tackling bigger problems.

“We’re starting with documentation, but then we can apply the same methods to billing and coding, and other higher order architectures,” says Soni. Things like prescription management, and maybe even decision support—an algorithm whispering hints in your doctor’s ear about a care plan. “I think it’s unreasonable to imagine that 10 years from now doctors will still be using clunky 1990s-style UI to take care of patients,” says Soni.

The health care system has long been impervious to this kind of disruption. But as deep learning gets even better, these kinds of assistants begin to look more plausible. The space is filling up rapidly; last year a third startup, SayKara, helmed by former Amazon engineers, announced it was developing its own Alexa for health care. Others are sure to follow. And that’s when lawyers focused on privacy and cybersecurity start to get concerned. “When you’re talking about AI in the health care space, the appetite to capture more and more data becomes insatiable,” says Aaron Tantleff, a partner at Foley and Lardner law firm in Chicago. He points out that one of HIPAA’S key privacy protections is a rule that says businesses should only collect the minimal amount of information that is necessary. It’s a provision that is fundamentally at odds with data-hungry neural networks.

Voice assistants also raise questions about unauthorized disclosures in the exam room. “We already know these listening devices can get hacked and allow third parties to record conversations,” says Tantleff. “In a medical setting, there’s a very different level of risk. What are companies doing to prevent that from happening?”

Both Suki and Sopris recognize the significant privacy and security considerations involved with their products. The companies encrypt audio on the device, and in between transit to HIPAA-compliant clouds where their algorithms run. And both apps require a prompt from someone in the room to enable listening. Plus patients have to opt-in; docs can’t just record people who don’t consent. The potential benefit to physicians seems clear. The tradeoff for patients less so. Then again, if you want to keep your doctor around for the long haul, maybe it’s worth asking, “Suki, can you keep my data safe?”

1 Disclosure: Halamka was also formerly a member of Suki's advisory board

The Algorithm Will See You Now

  • When time is brain, AI can help stroke patients get better care, faster.

  • Google has developed software that can detect early signs of diabetes-related eye problems, and is testing it in eye hospitals in India.

  • To keep pace with all the new ideas for using computers and machine learning in health care, the Food and Drug Administration had to create a new team of digital health experts.

It’s time once again to turn on The Monitor, WIRED’s roundup of the latest in the world of culture, from box-office news to release-date announcements. In today’s installment: Adult Swim dreams of electric sheep; Netflix's anime push continues; Disney’s Artemis Fowl teaser soars; and Jordan Peele conjures up Candyman (Candyman, Cand … ice Bergen. Sorry, we still can't bring ourselves to do it).

Back to the Future

Last year’s WIRED-beloved sci-fi sequel Blade Runner 2049 is being replicated in anime form: A new 13-episode series, Blade Runner-Black Lotus, is set to arrive on Adult Swim (and stream on Crunchyroll) at some unspecified point. Though it’s not clear which characters from the film will be appearing, Black Lotus will be set in 2032, and will involve Shinichiro Watanabe, who worked on a series of Blade anime prequels released last year. In the meantime, Blade Runner 2049 is streaming on HBO Now, and it’s really majestic and rad, so go rewatch that while you wait, K?

Netflix’s Next Moves

The streaming service announced a slew of new adaptations this week, starting with a live-action Cowboy Bebop, the adored future-set series. It’s the latest anime entry for Netflix, which is also adapting Avatar: The Last Airbender, and has set a Pacific Rim spinoff and a new Ultraman for next year (the mechs-and-match Ultraman trailer is below). The company also announced plans to create animated versions of several classic books by Roald Dahl, including Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The BFG, and Matilda. What? No Danny, the Champion of the World? That’s a Matil-don’t.

An Unfortunate Moni-turn

WIRED would like to apologize for that last Matilda-adjacent pun. We promise to do better—at least matilda next time.

Playing Hooky

Jordan Peele’s Monkeypaw Productions will add to its creep-heavy development slate —which already includes Twilight Zone for CBS All Access, horror film Us, an HBO Lovecraft Country adaptation, and more—with a reboot of 1992 horror hit Candyman, about a hook-wielding killer who can be summoned by looking in the mirror and saying his name five times (or, presumably, by playing this song non-stop). Peele, who cowrote the script with Win Rosenfeld, will produce the film. Nia DaCosta, whose debut feature Little Woods has been a festival hit this year, will direct.

Fowl Play

Finally, Disney released its first look at next year’s Artemis Fowl, the delightful story of a wayward chicken who … sorry, I’m being told Fowl is actually an adaptation of the beloved multi-volume fantasy series by Eoin Colfer. Directed by Kenneth Branagh, the long-awaited epic stars newcomer Ferdia Shaw as the titular young criminal mastermind taking on a race of fairies. Opening next August, the movie features Judi Dench, Josh Gad, and Hong Chau.

Almost exactly a year ago, 23andMe earned the right to tell people what diseases might be lurking in their DNA. Since then, the consumer genetic testing company has turned tubes of spit into health reports for thousands of its customers. You can learn how your genes might predispose you to eight diseases with a well-known genetic component—things like Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, and most recently, breast and ovarian cancers.

But these limited genetic red flags are rare enough that for most people, there’s not much for 23andMe to report back.

Lots of people, though, get migraines. And allergies. And depression. 23andMe says it wants to help them, too—not by extracting insights from their DNA, but by harvesting the wisdom of the crowd. For the last few weeks, the company has been quietly rolling out a new health hub, where customers can share information about how they manage 18 common health conditions. They get to see which treatments work best, according to other users’ personal reports. And 23andMe gets a bunch of data it didn’t have before.

It’s not hard to see who’s getting the better side of the deal.

Each condition page provides some information unique to 23andMe, says product manager Jessie Inchauspe. She highlights how customers can look at the prevalence of a given condition among their spit kit sisters and brothers. Based on the millions of 23andMe customers that consented to participate in research, 27% have self-reported having depression. Most of them were diagnosed by their 30th birthday. And any kids they have will be 20 percent more likely to develop depression themselves.

Unlike the company’s health reports though, the conditions pages won’t tell you how likely your genes are to give you depression, just how much of depression generally is attributable to DNA, according to the company’s data and its reading of the scientific literature. A disclaimer toward the top makes this plain: “This content is NOT based on your genetics. It may not be representative of the general population or of you as an individual.”

The same is true of the treatment ratings: Customers can sort them by reported efficacy and popularity, but not by their own genotype. 23andMe says it does have plans for adding an ethnicity filter at some point—certain drugs can be more or less effective depending on your heritage—but right now there’s nothing personalized about it.

It’s also misleading. “Normally I think 23andMe does a really nice job visually representing genetic risks, but this model brings up some real interpretation concerns,” says Kayte Spector-Bagdady, a bioethicist at the University of Michigan and a former associate director of the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues. The problem, she says, is that people are being asked what treatments they’ve tried and how effective each one is. But that’s not the same as a comparative effectiveness trial. “If I say I have depression and all I ever tried was Zoloft and I had moderate improvement, it doesn’t mean Zoloft was better for me than exercise or Wellbutrin,” says Spector-Bagdady. But on the new pages, colored bars that display reported efficacy of treatments side by side suggest otherwise. “It’s hard for any individual consumer to understand what this information means for them.”

If 23andMe customers want to compare treatments, they don’t have to log on to the company’s health hub to do so. Iodine, a startup co-founded by former WIRED executive editor Thomas Goetz that merged with drug pricing transparency company GoodRx, crowdsources patient reviews and presents them alongside clinical trial data and input from pharmacists. HealthTap’s RateRx app lets doctors from all over the world rate the effectiveness of certain medications for certain ailments. Even Google has been working with the Mayo Clinic to create a database of commonly searched medical conditions and their most frequently used treatments.

So why should 23andMe’s customers turn to them rather than the wilds of the internet for health advice? “We have a nice, closed platform where people feel safe,” says Inchauspe, pointing out that about 80 percent of the company’s 5 million customers consent to participate in research. That means research that 23andMe’s 60 staff scientists do internally, as well as outside studies with data the company shares with academic institutions and sells to pharmaceutical firms. “That gives us an opportunity to crowdsource unique data that just doesn’t exist anywhere else.”

23andMe does have data that other treatment comparison companies don’t: DNA. Theoretically, pairing its massive genetic databases with reports of treatment efficacy could help the company take steps toward offering precision medicine solutions: treatments tailored to your DNA. But for now, that’s not information it can easily share with its customers, at least in the US, on account of federal regulations that treat pharmacogenetic testing—how genes influence someone’s sensitivity to different drugs—as a medical device.

When asked, the company said it has no immediate plans to turn the health hub data into genetic reports. “We view this as a separate product,” says Inschauspe. But 23andMe has already shown its interest in pharmacogenetic testing. In 2014, the company introduced 12 such tests to its customers in the UK—though it stopped offering them in 2017 to make its product uniform on both sides of the pond. But if 23andMe ever plans to bring them back, a little (or a lot) more data certainly won’t hurt.

More Personal Genomics

  • Direct-to-consumer genetic tests are more popular than ever. Last year, Ancestry DNA sold 1.5 million spit kits over a four-day period.

  • Over on Helix's DNA marketplace, you'll soon be able to request your own clinical tests for 59 disease-causing genetic mutations.

  • Upstart Genos takes a different tack, offering financial incentives to its customers for donating their exome sequence data to science.

04/20/18 3:50pm ET This story has been updated to reflect the most up-to-date numbers for how many of 23andMe's consented research participants experience depression; it is 27 percent, not 45 percent, as a previous version of this story stated.

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Hey, tiger. Long week, huh? Between the Jeff Bezos vs. National Enquirer dustup and the acting attorney general of the United States testifying before Congress, there's been a lot of back and forth. But last week also saw the premiere of Ariana Grande's new video and a cat that miraculously came back to life after being frozen in the snow, so it's not all bad. Happy Year of the Pig, everybody!

The State of the Union Is as Boring as Ever

What Happened: After all the shutdown drama, last week President Trump was finally able to give his 2019 State of the Union address. Was it worth waiting for? It depends on how much you were looking forward to bad writing and flat delivery, but at least the audience was interesting.

What Really Happened: Welp, after a lot of political rigamarole, President Trump gave his State of the Union speech last week—and what a speech it was. Clocking in at 82 minutes, it was the third longest State of the Union speech ever. (Unable to break the record for the longest speech ever? Sad!) But journalists aside, nobody really cares about the runtime except for the poor people who had to sit through the whole thing. We'll get back to them later. In the meantime, let's look at what Trump said.

As should be expected, fact-checkers were busy pointing out falsehoods and misstatements, but even they couldn't make people take the speech as anything other than a damp squib, judging by the reaction online.

OK, we meant those not already on the Trump train, as Twitter was all too eager to demonstrate.

Of course, we can't just blame the writing in this case. After all, it is a speech delivered by Donald Trump, and that brings certain … shall we call them perks? Sure, why not.

It's also worth noting what the president didn't mention during the speech.

But let's get back to that lengthy run time. Just how long was the speech this year? More importantly, how long did it feel? Well, let's consider the case of one of the special guests at the speech, brought there by the First Family.

It was a heartwarming story with a twist ending.

So, yeah. It was a pretty bad speech. So bad that a lot of the post-speech discussion online didn't actually focus on Trump's oration, but on people the world was actually interested in. Of particular interest, as is becoming increasingly common these days, was the presence of representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez. Even among other congresspeople, she was a star.

People were obsessed with what she was wearing (especially as she was one of many women of Congress dressed in white for symbolic reasons)—

—and people were obsessed with how she behaved during the speech itself, with her responses drawing different reactions depending on what side of the political divide they came from.

The speech also launched a meme that put KKK hoods on AOC and the other Democratic women wearing white, but, as ever, Ocasio-Cortez rose above the cheap shots with a blunt, honest response.

To be fair, she may have already won even before the State of the Union thanks to this preview tweet:

Who would have thought that the Twitter President would run too long, and be brought low by someone else keeping to 280 characters or less? Is that … irony?

The Takeaway: This feels like an appropriate summary of what happened during the State of the Union, sadly. More sadly, this could describe so many State of the Unions before this one.

Nancy Pelosi Is All of Us Watching the SOTU

What Happened: Not content with winning people over by standing up to the president during the shutdown, last week speaker of the house Nancy Pelosi became the internet's avatar for State of the Union responses.

What Really Happened: Officially, the Democratic response to Trump's State of the Union speech came from Stacey Abrams, who delivered a short speech that seemed to go over well, triggering talk of a possible presidential run and panic at Fox News. But neither Abrams, nor even AOC, provided the most popular and widely shared Democratic rebuttal to the president's speech. No, for that, the internet turned to Nancy Pelosi. Madame Speaker?

Sure, we all know what a "hell no" look is, but if only there was a perfect example of just how wonderfully passive aggressive Pelosi's clapping looked…

Everyone immediately understood what was going on in the image, and so, a meme was born.

The internet was in love.

It was the clapback seen around the world, and was soon the subject of a number of news stories the next day. When sarcastic applause gets as much coverage as a speech, that’s when you know that nobody was really listening to what was being said.

The Takeaway: There’s one person who recognized exactly what Pelosi was doing: her daughter.

Investigate This

What Happened: As if to reinforce that no one was paying attention to the State of the Union, lawmakers responded to Trump's demand not to be investigated by announcing a new wide-ranging investigation into his administration and campaign.

What Really Happened: One particular line of Trump's SOTU speech would appear to be particularly prescient, given what happened the very next day—and not just because it was an awkward, tortured rhyme.

Less than 24 hours after the president complained publicly that there "cannot" be an investigation into his administration, the House Intelligence Committee—now under Democrat control for the first time in the Trump era—made a couple of big announcements.

No, that wasn't one of the big announcements, although the reason given seemed somewhat curious… Well, until the following two announcements were made, at least.

OK, that was kind of big. (Only kind of, because the Republican-controlled Intelligence Committee voted to release some of those transcripts last year, so it's not as if they were entirely hidden.) Even that was, however, the lesser of the two pieces of news announced by Rep. Adam Schiff on Wednesday.

Yes, the House will really for serious investigate the president and potential wrongdoing, unlike what happened under Republicans, which was clearly not intended to be a serious investigation. Oh, and that's not all: Everyone in America will get to find out exactly what the investigation reveals.

So, you know, that's kind of a big deal. How did the president, who just finished declaring he shouldn't be investigated, respond to the news that he was actually going to be very investigated? The answer is pretty much, "as you'd expect."

That was just the start of his tailspin; the next day on Twitter, he shared how he really felt.

So, the tenor of his reaction seems to be "clearly terrified," then. The next few months clearly aren't going to be boring, at least.

The Takeaway: How best to sum up this week in terms of the volleys between the president and the House Intelligence Committee? This seems pretty accurate, considering.

Bad Yearbook Photos

What Happened: Apparently, every politician of a certain age in Virginia has a personal connection to blackface in their past.

What Really Happened: It's not all about Washington this week, though! Let's take a moment to consider the horror show that is Virginia Governor Ralph Northam's response to the discovery of a photograph that may, perhaps, have featured him either dressed as a member of the KKK or in blackface. After initially apologizing hours after the photo went viral last Friday, he shockingly walked back that apology a day later.

Oh, but it got worse. Much worse.

Yes, that's right; Northam's argument that it wasn't him in a photograph showing someone in blackface was, essentially, "Don't get me wrong, I did get dressed up in blackface, but I didn't look like that." And that's saying nothing about the fact that he almost moonwalked at the press conference, only to be talked out of it by his wife. Let's just say that it was far from the most convincing pushback.

This really didn't go down well with other Democrats.

As of this writing, a full week after the photograph originally came to light, Northam has not resigned—indeed, he reportedly refuses to do so in case that meant he would be branded as "racist for life," as if that's not a done deal already—but the heat has been inexplicably taken off him by the fact that a second Democrat in Virginia came out as wearing blackface last week.

Unsurprisingly, the Republican Party swiftly moved to take advantage of this.

But, guess what? Spoiler alert: It's exactly what you're worried about.

Oh, and then there was this, too.

The Takeaway: What's genuinely shocking about the following tweet is that it doesn’t actually seem over-the-top or out-of-bounds considering what's actually been happening this week.

Liam, No

What Happened: Actor Liam Neeson said some fairly racist-sounding things. Lots of people noticed.

What Really Happened: In what might be an almost-impressive feat of career suicide, Liam Neeson decided to share something that he really shouldn't have last week.

It almost sounds like an Onion joke, but it really wasn't; Neeson did indeed give an interview wherein he admitted to wandering around wanting to attack a person of color after a friend had been raped.

The writer of the Independent story took to Twitter to talk about her experience.

Some people tried to see the funny side of the what was happening—

—but more people couldn't quite see what was worth laughing about.

The interview prompted much discussion across the media. A day later, Neeson attempted to tamp down the controversy, with a second interview on the topic.

People weren't convinced by it, and the backlash continued as public events got cancelled. Would no one stand up for Neeson, preferably with a ridiculous statement that you can't quite believe was shared publicly?

There we go. Celebrities! They're just like us, only they say really stupid things and everyone hears about it!

The Takeaway: Man, remember when Liam Neeson wasn't an embarrassment? You know, like a week ago?

I know it's an old movie (and it was an even older book before that), but I want to look at the physics of the special submarine drive in The Hunt for Red October. In the story, the Russians build a so-called "caterpillar drive" using hydro-magneto power instead of the traditional propeller. This new drive is way quieter than the traditional type—so quiet that it could sneak up on the United States and blow it up. Spoiler alert: It doesn't.

Here is the cool part: This magnetohydrodynamic drive, which turns water into a sort of rotor, is a real thing. (Although technically in the book version this drive is something other than magnetohydrodynamic. Quibbles.) In fact, it's pretty simple to build. All you really need is a battery, a magnet, and some wires. Oh, also this will have to operate in salt water, so you might need some salt. Here is the basic setup.

How does this work? Well, when you put a positive and negative plate in salt water, it produces an electric field. With salt in water, you get both positive and negative ions—both of these are influenced by the electric field. In the setup shown above, the negative ions would move to the right and the positive ones move to the left. But the ion motion by itself does not produce any propulsion. For that, you also need a magnetic field.

In the diagram, I have a magnet with the north side pointing down. This produces a magnetic field that also mostly points down (as indicated by the red arrow). Now for the awesome physics part. If you have an electric charge moving in a magnetic field, there is a force on that charge—the magnitude of this force depends on the strength of the magnetic field, the value of the electric charge, and the velocity of the charge. This magnetic force can be expressed as the following equation:

If don't have a degree in physics, there are three things that are crazy about this equation. First, there is this weird arrow symbol over some of the variables. Nothing to be alarmed about—this just means these are vector quantities so that the direction also matters. Next there is this vector B. This represents the value of the magnetic field. Honestly, I'm not sure why we (physicists) always use B for the magnetic field—but we do. Lastly, there is that big "X". That is not the sign for multiplication, that is the sign for the cross product. I guess I should also point out that "q" is the symbol for the electric charge.

Multiplication is for scalar quantities—things that don't have direction. So if you want to operate two vector quantities (the velocity and the magnetic field) then you need a different operator (by operator, I mean actions like addition or square root or stuff like that). The cross product operator takes two vectors and produces another vector. The resultant vector depends on both the magnitude and direction of the starting vectors. But for this explanation, the important idea is that the result is a vector that is perpendicular to both of the initial vectors. This means that you have to see this thing in three dimensions in order to grok it.

Maybe this python script will help. Below are three arrows representing the three vectors dealing with the magnetic force. I have labeled the three vectors, so it should be clear which arrow represents which variable. But wait! There are two things you can do. First, you can rotate these three vectors around and view them from different angles—just click-drag with the right mouse button or use ctrl-click. Second, you can change the magnitude and direction of the qv vector by just normal click (or click drag). Go ahead and try it.

You should notice that no matter what you do, the vector F is always perpendicular to both qv and B. OK, that's not quite true. If you change qv such that it is parallel to B, the force would be zero—with no defined direction. If you want to determine the direction of the resultant from a cross product, you need to use the "right hand rule." Here is an older post that goes over the details—just in case you need that.

OK, going back to the hydro-magneto drive. You might notice one problem—some of the ions in the water are moving to the left (positive charges) and some are moving the right (negative charges). However, both the positive and negative ions will be pushed in the same direction (the direction out of the screen). The negative ions are moving in the positive x-direction, but they have a negative electrical charge. This means that they will still have a qv value in the same direction and the magnetic force on these two different ions are still in the same direction.

Now for an actual demonstration. I didn't build this from scratch, but found it as a kit. In this version, there is a circular track for the water so that you don't have to actually go anywhere. I put a drop of blue dye in the water so you can see when it moves. Here is the basic setup.

Once you connect the battery to the two plates—boom, the water starts to move.

I don't know about you, but I think this is pretty cool. Also, if you flip over the magnet the water changes directions. You could also change the water direction by reversing the electrical current. But if this is such a great physics demonstration, why don't they use this for propulsion systems? In short, it doesn't work very well. Sure, the water gets pushed—but you could do much better with just a propeller.

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