Chemshun Ceramics Attended 2021 Shanghai International Advanced Ceramics Exhibition
2021 Shanghai Advanced Ceramics Exhibition brings together upstream and downstream customers in the metallurgical industry, including metallurgical furnaces, refractories, energy and power, aerospace, petrochemical, iron and steel metallurgy, coal, machinery manufacturing research institutions and other enterprises, is committed to promoting the development of the ceramic industry.
Chemshun Ceramics attended this show for promoting various advanced ceramics . Besides producing abrasion resistant alumina ceramics. We have independent ceramics developing team for meeting market requirements in different field . typically like zirconia ceramic structural parts, 99.7% alumina baseboard for LCD , 99.7% alumina wafer polishing plate . 99% alumina tube etc.
Our exhibition booth No.H1. C491. which attracted many visitors from America , German, Japan, Russian, Canada etc. Chemshun staff and customers communicated and studied from each other happily.
In today’s tech-driven world, we’re surrounded by electronic devices, from smartphones and headphones to smartwatches and fitness trackers. Many of these devices have IP ratings, which indicate their level of protection against dust and water. But what do these ratings actually mean? Are numbers or letters better? Are larger numbers better or smaller numbers better?
In this article, we will walk through the concept of IP rating, explaining their different levels to help you make informed purchasing decisions.
Understanding IP Rating Format
IP ratings stands for Ingress Protection. They are standardized codes defined by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to classify the degree of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against foreign objects (dust) and moisture (water).
These ratings are represented by two digits:
The first digit (IPX) indicates the level of dust protection. A higher number signifies greater protection.
Dust Protection Level
Description
0
No protection
1
Protects against objects larger than 50mm
2
Protects against objects larger than 12mm
3
Protects against objects larger than 2.5mm
4
Protects against objects larger than 1mm
5
Protects against dust penetration
6
Dust tight
The second digit (X or 0-9) indicates the level of moisture protection. A higher number signifies greater protection.
Moisture Protection Level
Description
0
No protection
1
Protects against dripping water
2
Against vertically dripping water
3
Against spraying water
4
Against splashing water
5
Against low-pressure jets of water
6
Against high-pressure jets of water
7
Against immersion in water (for up to 30 minutes at a specified depth)
8
Against prolonged submersion in water
IPX Ratings: A Special Case
In addition to the two-digit IP ratings, there are also IPX ratings. These ratings indicate protection against dust only, with no moisture protection.
For instance, an IPX5 rating means the device is protected against dust penetration but not water.
Interpreting IP Ratings: Examples
Let’s break down a few common IP ratings to understand their meaning:
IPX4: This rating indicates protection against splashing water from any direction. It’s suitable for devices like splash-proof headphones or speakers.
IP67: This rating signifies protection against dust penetration and immersion in water up to 1 meter for 30 minutes. It’s common for smartphones and fitness trackers.
IP68: This rating represents the highest level of dust protection and immersion in water up to 2 meters for 30
Kimmo Salvén – 5.11.2013 – 11:36:39
Filosofian professori Seppo Sajama Itä-Suomen yliopistosta puhui Filosofiakahvilassa pitämässään alustuksessa luonnon itseisarvon kritiikistä.
Sajama toteaa luonnon itseisarvon käsitteen olevan ympäristöfilosofiassa asia, jota ei usein kyseenalaisteta, niinpä hän tekee sen nyt.
Aristoteles nousee väistämättä esiin itseisarvon käsitystä tutkiessa. Sajama toteaa, että Aristoteleen mukaan onnellisuus on ainoa asia mitä haluamme aina sen itsensä, ei milloinkaan jonkin muun asian takia.
– Kaikki ihmiset haluavat onnellisuutta. Tämä tarkoittaa, että kaikki ihmiset haluavat jotain oman onnellisutensa vuoksi. Se voi olla kunnia, nautinto, ymmärrys ja niin edelleen, kuten Aristoteles luettelee, Sajama toteaa.
– Haluamme siis eri asioita, mutta haluamme niitä onnellisuuden välineinä.
Sajaman mukaan Aristoteles jakavaa arvokkaat asiat kolmeen ryhmään: Itseisarvoihin, välinearvoihin ja sekä itseis- että välinearvoihin.
– Nautinto voi siis olla hyvä asia itsessään, mutta myös väline onnellisuuden saavuttamiseen.
Moore on Aristoteleen jälkeen eniten itseisarvon käsitteeseen vaikuttanut filosofi. Ympäristöfilosofiassa luonnon itseisarvo käsitetään nimittäin yleensä moorelaisittain luonnolla olevaksi, ihmisestä riippumattomaksi arvoksi. Tämän käsityksen mukaan luonnolla olisi itseisarvonsa, vaikka yhtäkään ihmistä ei olisi sitä kokemassa.
– Hän sanoo, että itseisarvo näyttäytyy luotettavasti vain silloin, kun se on eristetty ulkoisista häiriöistä.
Kuvittele äärimmäisen kaunis maailma. Kuvittele se niin kauniiksi kuin ikinä voit. Sijoita siihen mitä tahansa, mitä pidät kaikkein kauneimpana tässä maailmassa: vuoria, jokia, meriä, puita, auringonlaskuja, tähtiä ja kuu. Kuvittele, että nämä kaikki yhdistetään hienoin suhtein, niin ettei mikään niistä riitele muiden kanssa vaan jokainen tuo oman lisänsä kokonaisuuden kauneuteen. Ja kuvittele siiten rumin maailma, jonka voit mitenkään käsittää. Kuvittele se saastaläjäksi, joka sisältää kaiken, mikä eniten iljettää meitä mistä tahansa syystä, ja jossa ei ole yhtään miellyttävää piirrettä. … Ainoa asia, jota emme saa kuvitella, on se, että joku ihminen on koskaan asunut tai edes voisi asua kummassakaan ja voisi nähdä toisen kauneuden ja nauttia siitä ja vihata toisen rumuutta. … Onko jotenkin irrationaalista väittää, että olisi parempi, että olemassa olisi kaunis maailma kuin ruma?
G. E. Moore 1903: Principia Ethica. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Onko siis itseisarvoja olemassa ilman ihmistä niiden kokijana?
– Jos on olemassa ei ihmiskeskeisiä itseisarvoja, miten ne voidaan havaita? Kuka ne voi havaita? Siinä on pieni ristiriita, että luonnon itseisarvon olisi toimittava ihmisen toiminnan johtotähtenä ja että se on kuitenkin jollain tapaa eristettävä ja sitä ei saa havaita ihmiskeskeisesti.
Siispä Sajama palaa Aristoteleen ajatuksiin luonnon itseisarvosta.
– Aristoteleen naturalistinen idea oli, että jollain asialla X oli arvoa oliolle Y siinä tapauksessa, että X edistää Y:n hyvää elämää. Tämä oli siis räikeä naturalistinen virhe.
Kuinka siis saada itseisarvo mukaan yhtälöön? Voidaanko itseisarvo löytää muista kuin elollisista olioista? Antaako luonnon itseisarvo ihmiselle velvollisuuden suojella kaikkea elämää ja onko kaikki elämä tasa-arvoista?
Olipa kerran itseisarvoinen lammas, joka söi itseisarvoista ruohoa itseisarvoisella niityllä. Sitten paikalle tuli itseisarvoinen susi, joka söi lampaan. Lopuksi itseisarvoinen ihminen ampui suden. Loukattiinko tässä luonnon itseisarvoa? Missä vaiheessa?
Olli Saastamoinen & Seppo Sajama
Usein luonnon itseisarvoa käsitetään asettamalla vastakkain luonto ja ihminen, mutta kuuluuko ihminen luonnon itseisarvon näkökulmasta muiden eliöiden joukkoon?
Mooren ja Aristoteleen näkemysten lisäksi puheenvuorossa nousevat esiin mm. John O’Neil, James Coufal, Holmes Rolston III, Oidipus ja Tuomas Akvavinolainen.
When designing mechanical assemblies, it’s likely that they’ll require fasteners for assembly. Fasteners like screws and bolts are commonly used to secure mating components, and they usually require some type of hole for assembly. There are many types of holes to use to install fasteners such as countersunk, counterbore, tapped, tapered, spot faced, and screw clearance.
Now, let’s look at the definition of tapping vs threading, decode the proper use of the terms, and find out which is the correct terminology: threaded holes vs tapped holes.
What is Tapping?
Tapping is the process of creating threads inside of a hole for the installation of a screw or bolt — so a tapped hole is just a hole that is internally threaded. The tapping process starts with drilling a hole that is typically slightly smaller in diameter than the major diameter of the threaded fastener you will use. Here’s the equation for determining the size of the tap to use for ANSI threads:
Drill Size = major thread diameter –
1
# threads per incn
+
0.005″ for pitch greater than 10
0.000″ otherwise
The next largest drill size beyond the calculated diameter should be chosen to tap the hole. So, if you calculate a drill diameter of 0.720”, you choose the next largest tap diameter of 0.750”.
After the hole is drilled, you form the threads on the inside diameter of the hole using a tap. Taps look similar to drill bits, and there are a few different types of taps: hand taps, power taps, tapered taps, extension taps, and exotic taps. All taps are marked with a standard designation that includes the following information:
The nominal size is the thread concentration, while the thread form designation identifies the thread family the threads belong to (i.e. ACME, UNC, UNF, UNJ, UNS). The material tap is constructed from is typically a tough material like carbide, and the pitch diameter tolerance gives an alpha-numerical code that designates the tolerance for the thread.
Here are some tips for defining a tapped hole and determining which type of tap to use:
Hand taps do not typically offer the precision or ease that CNC taps do. Choose CNC tapping over hand tapping when possible.
For blind holes, a bottoming tap is ideal, but you may want to start with a taper tap and then move to a bottoming tap to get better thread definition. (Side note: a bottoming taper is unique because it threads almost all the way down, which results in only 1-2 threads tapered at the bottom. This is useful for blind holes because you get better thread engagement.)
Avoid using spiral point taps when CNC machining blind tapped holes, as the chips tend to get pushed down and remain in the blind hole. If the chips are not cleaned out well enough, they can cause issues with assembly. Opt for spiral flute taps or interrupted thread taps for blind holes.
Thread forming taps, where chipless compression tapping occurs, provide greater thread strength and a longer thread lifespan due to decreased potential of thread breakage. Thread forming taps also require a larger tap drill diameter, so see Machinery’s Handbook for further details and calculations.
You may have seen the term ‘clearance hole’ used as a common type of threaded or tapped hole. However, most clearance holes are not tapped — they are intended for installation of a nut on the free end to clamp the materials together. A clearance hole is too small for the head of the fastener to fit through, but large enough for the threaded portion of the fastener to fit and engage with the internal threads.
What is Threading?
While tapping is the process of creating internal threads within a hole, threading is the process of creating external threads on the cylindrical body of a screw, bolt or other part to be assembled (like pipes). When referring to an installation location for a threaded fastener, you may use the term threaded hole or tapped hole but remember that a fastener is threaded, not tapped.
Threading on a screw or bolt begins at the point of engagement of the fastener and continues through the body to the shank, or unthreaded portion, of the fastener. See the image at the beginning of this article for a more detailed refresher on threaded fastener terminology.
Threaded fasteners have been around for decades and provide a novel method of force transformation to secure two or more components together in an assembly. Screws, in particular, have been the subject of many mathematical and geometric studies in the past because they act as simple machines that transfer rotational forces, or torque, into a simple linear force. One way to understand this is using the concept of the Archimedes screw — where a rising level of water turns a turbine connected to an electrical generator to generate power from a water source (the Archimedes screw acts as a power displacement pump). Pro-Tip: If you’re tasked with designing a threaded fastener from scratch, advocate for an off-the-shelf solution instead. Otherwise, use threading calculations and fastener calculations to help with your design.
Takeaways
A tapped hole is simply a threaded hole, and tapping is the process of creating internal threads within the internal sides of a hole.
The difference between a threaded hole and a tapped hole: tapped holes are just another term for a threaded holes, and a tap is used to create threads in the hole.
A drilled hole is just the result of removal of a cylindrical volume of material, with smooth internal walls. A tapped hole is a cylindrical hole with internal threads.
For all your custom CNC part manufacturing needs, Fictiv has you covered. We’re experts at machining any size of tapped holes in a variety of materials, and we simplify custom part sourcing with intelligent, streamlined, automated workflows. Fictiv is your operating system for custom manufacturing that makes part procurement faster, easier, and more efficient.
In other words, Fictiv lets engineers, like you, engineer.
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Are you wondering how to choose the right technology to build a business solution for your company? Symfony has been used to create many amazing solutions for enterprises from various industries. Find out which popular companies use this framework in their projects.
Symfony in business projects
Symfony is an open-source technology. In practice, this means that there’s a huge community around it that develops the software and supports each other in overcoming the challenges of programming in the PHP language. This framework is well-documented and used by many popular brands.
Advantages of using Symfony
Why Symfony and not some other framework will be appropriate for your project?
The layered architecture (MVC) makes programming and managing the application convenient and simple. Introducing changes in one place doesn’t require you to modify large chunks of code. Making changes in the part visible to the Internet user is much cheaper and easier, thanks to the fact that the view layer is separated from the model layer.
Symfony allows you to create entire applications or only specific elements, making it an ideal technology for both those who want to create a solution from scratch, and those who want to add specific functionalities to the existing code.
Symfony includes built-in tools for testing the application being created. You can then build a solution that is in accordance with the goals of Test-Driven Development. Thanks to this, the process of creating business solutions is efficient.
The users of this PHP framework can benefit from the help and support of the large community developing Symfony.
It’s a flexible framework enabling the creation of personalised solutions. The numerous components make it possible to adapt a website or application to the specific expectations of the user. They can be easily integrated with other platforms.
Which industries can benefit from using this PHP framework?
Research shows that Symfony is most often used to create solutions for clients in the healthcare sector (the data show that they make up as much as 23% of the companies using Symfony) and IT. The framework is also appreciated in e-commerce, because it enables easy and quick development of sales platforms, integration with social media and implementation of various payment methods.
The biggest famous brands around the world use Symfony for their projects. Some use PHP and this popular framework to create websites that are engaging for users, others build advanced applications and tools that improve the daily work of the company. Corporations use Symfony to add new functionalities to their solutions. Facebook is among the most well-known companies using Symfony. API of the Facebook Ads application and the Instant Articles SDK technology are built with Symfony components. Thanks to Symfony, effective tools for marketing automation (e.g. Mautic), CMS and CRM systems used by most companies every day, as well as other tools facilitating the management of the company and its resources were also created.
Spotify
In 2015, the Spotify brand published on its official profile, concerning the use of technology and product development, a tweet confirming that it was using Symfony. Spotify uses Symfony to manage its users’ accounts – the statistics show that the streaming platform had as many as 286 million active users in 2020.
Blablacar
PHP frameworks are used relatively often to create booking applications. Symfony was used to build the BlablaCar platform, enabling joint travel by private cars and sharing the travel costs, which is extremely popular in Poland. This example shows that Symfony is in fact regarded as a full-stack framework as the brand uses it for both the frontend and backend of the website and mobile application. The Blablacar website had over 87 million registered users in 2020. The brand has a website using the local domain in every country it operates in.
Trivago
Another Symfony-based booking application that serves millions of users, allowing for comparing hotel accommodation prices, is owned by the Trivago company. Symfony allows for providing Internet users with the best user experience when they search and compare offers, by creating numerous functionalities on the page. The page is integrated with many websites and enables advanced filtering of offers. Trivago also has a technical blog with articles about working with Symfony.
Dailymotion
Like Spotify, Dailymotion is a streaming service, only it offers access to videos instead of music. It’s one of the most well-known websites of this type, visited by millions of users every day. The Dailymotion company created its website in PHP, and after a few years they decided to abandon the framework they created in favour of Symfony.
Why did Dailymotion choose Symfony? The team decided to switch to the open source Symfony framework in order to focus more on business development, instead of time-consuming work on developing its framework (adding new functionalities, creating the documentation, and carrying out comprehensive training courses for team members). As adding new functionalities is the daily routine of Dailymotion developers, the company decided to choose Symfony, which is known for making them easier to create thanks to its components.
Why should your company consider using PHP and Symfony?
Symfony is a technology chosen by well-known companies around the world to implement projects of various types. You can use this PHP framework to develop your existing solutions or build them from scratch. It’ll allow you to create a high-quality engaging website for your clients, regardless of whether you represent the B2C or B2B sector. Symfony is great irrespective of what industry you represent – its flexibility allows you to create solutions tailored to the individual needs of the company.
If you want to learn more about Symfony development services, check out our website. You can also read more about PHP development services and other technologies that you can use in your next project.