In our last article, we talked about wear resistance, and for many products, getting “worn out” is a key factor in determining the item’s service lifetime. That could be decades or only hours depending on the application and how aggressive the wear conditions are. This is why it’s vital to consider wear throughout the entire design process.

While this can mean a lot of different things, we’ll provide an overview of three key areas for combatting wear.

#1 Create Wear-Resistant Designs

The initial design criteria for any product should establish a minimum acceptable lifetime that will help determine what degree of wear resistance is required. The design phase will also lay out any other product constraints, like the presence or absence of an external lubricant, or the types of surfaces the product will need to slide against.

Depending on their specific design constraints, product developers can come up with any number of unique solutions for reaching their product’s goals without wearing out too quickly.

For example, tires come in all kinds of shapes, sizes, and tread patterns depending on their application. Motorcycle street tires must be rounded so that the operator can handle the bike smoothly, but the tire compounds and tread patterns producers choose can have a significant impact on the tire’s resistance to wear and performance.

Product developers can experiment with multiple different approaches to their design to find one that meets their other performance criteria while improving wear resistance and extending product lifetime.

#2 Select Wear-Resistant Materials

There are a number of ultra-high-performance and wear-resistant materials on the market. Tungsten carbide alloys, Nitronic stainless steel alloys, and Stellite cobalt-chromium alloys all offer some of the most impressive wear resistances available. And choosing a corrosion-resistant material can help mitigate damage from corrosion wear.

However, simply using the most wear-resistant material available is unlikely to meet most design needs. You would never use metal tires on a car, even if they had a better wear resistance than rubber compounds. And while tungsten carbide knives have the benefit of staying sharper for longer, they weigh nearly twice as much as steel knives and are very brittle.

Instead, designers should know that most material classes have special formulations designed to improve performance in a particular area like wear or corrosion. If you need to use steel, for example, you can consider using an abrasion-resistant steel alloy to prolong the material’s service life while staying within design constraints.

#3 Apply Wear-Resistant Coatings & Surface Treatments

Bicycle tire with tungsten carbide spikes surrounded by aluminum.
Hustvedt, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Similar to the material selection process, there is a very wide range of unique finishing options available to improve wear performance. These could include various protective coatings, metal hardfacing, or hardening treatments. The ones available to you at this stage depend on your choice of material and design.

However, all of these surface finishing treatments provide a great way to improve performance without using a more expensive base material or compromising other properties.

For example, the steel bucket teeth on mining equipment can be hardfaced with a layer of much harder material like tungsten carbide. This treatment significantly improves the abrasion resistance of the bucket teeth, while still taking advantage of the ductility and lower cost of the steel below.

Machining & Processing Wear-Resistant Materials

While high-performance and wear-resistant materials can increase value for the final application, they frequently make processing more challenging. This means extra care and attention are needed during machining and processing to achieve the desired results without damaging the product.

Gensun’s team of experts is experienced in working with a wide range of materials to create high-quality, precision-machined parts. We offer fast and cost-effective CNC machining services to ensure your next fabrication project is a success.

Posted on: Nov.23th, 2018| By Judy, WayKen Project Manager

The advantages of plastic injection molding for manufacturing parts methods include fast production speed, high efficiency, automation of operation, shapes, and size flexibility. Moreover, the injection molding products are accurate in size, easy to be replaced, and the mold parts can be formed into complex shapes. This eco-friendly method is suitable for the molding processing fields such as mass production and complex shape products.

However, although the operators are familiar with specific machines and the operational skills in the molding process of plastic parts, the various rapid injection molding defects on mold design and materials are inevitable. The article aims to plastic injection molding problems and solutions, mainly as follows:

Analyze the causes of these problems generated from raw materials, plastic parts or mold design, molding processes, etc., and propose related solutions.

1. Short Shots

Short shots are a phenomenon in which the mold cavity cannot be completely filled.

Causes:

(1) Die temperature, material temperature, or injection pressure and speed are too low

(2) Uneven plasticization of raw materials

(3) Poor exhaust

(4) Insufficient liquidity of raw materials

(5) The part is too thin or the gate size is too small (6) Polymer melt is prematurely cured due to unreasonable structural design

Remedies:

Material: Use more fluid materials

Mold design:

(1) Fill the thick wall before filling the thin wall to avoid the retention phenomenon.

(2) Appropriately increase the number of gates and runner size to reduce the process ratio and flow resistance

(3) The position and size of the exhaust port should be properly set to avoid the phenomenon of poor exhaust.

Machine:

(1）Check whether the check valve and the inner wall of the material cylinder are seriously worn

(2) Check if the feeding port has material or whether it is bridged.

Process:

(1) Increase injection pressure and injection speed to enhance shear heat

(2) Increase the amount of injection

(3) Increase material cylinder temperature and mold temperature

2. Air Traps

Air traps are where air is trapped in the cavity to create bubbles in the part.

Causes: It is caused by the air being unable to escape from the parting surface, the ram, or the vent when the two melt fronts meet.

Remedies:  Structural design: Reduce thickness inconsistency and try to ensure uniform wall thickness

Mold design:

(1) Add a vent at the last filled place

(2) Redesign the gate and runner system

Process:

(1) Reduce the injection speed of the last stage

(2) Increase the mold temperature

3. Brittleness

Brittleness is that the plastic part is easily cracked or broken in some place

Causes:

(1) Dry conditions are not suitable; use excessive recycled materials

(2) Injection temperature setting is wrong

(3) The gate and runner system settings are not appropriate

(4) The melting mark strength is not high

Remedies:

Material:

(1) Set appropriate drying conditions before injection molding

(2) Reduce the use of recycled materials and increase the proportion of raw materials

(3) Use high-strength plastic. Mold design: Increase the size of the main runner, branch runner, and gate

Machine: Choose a well-designed screw to make the temperature distribution more uniform during plasticization

Process:

(1) Reduce the temperature of the material cylinder and nozzle

(2) Reduce back pressure, screw speed, and injection speed

(3) Increase the material temperature and injection pressure, improve the melting strength

4. Burn Marks

The burn marks are that the gas in the cavity cannot be removed in time, resulting in blackening at the end of the flow.

Causes:

(1) The air in the cavity cannot be removed in time.

(2) Material degradation: overhigh melt temperature; overcast screw speed; improper design of the runner system

Remedies:

Mold design:

(1) Add an exhaust system to a place where the exhaust gas is easily generated

(2) Increase the size of the runner system

Process:

(1) Reduce the injection pressure and speed

(2) Reduce the barrel temperature

(3) Check if the heater and thermocouple are working properly.

5. Flash

It means that excess plastic is present on the mold parting or ejector part.

Causes:

(1) Insufficient clamping force

(2) The mold has defects

(3) The molding conditions are unreasonable

(4) Improper design of the exhaust system

Remedies:

Mold design:

(1) Reasonably design the mold to ensure that the mold can be closed when the mold is closed

(2) Check the size of the exhaust port

(3) Cleaning the mold surface

Machine: Set the machine of the appropriate size process:

(1) Increase the injection time and reduce the injection speed

(2) Reduce the barrel temperature and nozzle temperature

(3) Reduce the injection pressure and pressure

6. Delamination

It refers to the surface of the part that can be peeled off layer by layer.

Causes:

(1) Mixing other incompatible polymers

(2) Excessive release agent used during molding

(3) resin temperature is inconsistent

(4) Excessive moisture

(5) The gate and the flow path have sharp angles

Remedies:

Material: Avoid incompatible impurities or contaminated recycled materials mixed into the raw materials

Mold design: Chamfer all runners or gates with sharp angles

Process:

(1) Increase the barrel and mold temperature

(2) Appropriate drying of the material before molding

(3) Avoid using too many release agent

7. Jetting

A spray trace is caused by the melt flowing too fast, generally serpentine.

Causes:

(1) The gate size is too small, and it is facing the product surface with a large cross-sectional area

(2) Filling speed is too fast

Remedies:

Mold design:

(1) Increase the gate size

(2) Change the side gate to the lap gate

(3) Increase the stop pin in front of the gate

8. Flow Lines

Flow lines are molding defects that are wavy on the surface of the product known as a kind of frog jump caused by the slow flow of the melt.

Causes:

(1)Mold temperature and the material temperature is too low

(2) Injection speed and pressure are too slow

(3) The size of the flow channel and gate is too small

(4) Due to the structure of the product, the acceleration is too large when the filling flow is caused.

Remedies: Mold design:

(1) Increase the size of the cold well in the flow channel

(2) increase the size of the runners and gates

(3) Shorten the size of the main channel or switch to the hot runner

Process:

(1) Increase the injection speed

(2) Increase injection pressure and pressure

(3) extend the pressure holding time

(4) Increase the mold temperature and material temperature

9. Fog

A cloud-like discoloration occurs near the gate. The reason is the melt fracture.

Causes: If the gate is too small or the cavity at the glue is too thin, the flow rate of the melt is large, the area of the break is small, the shear rate is large, and the shear stress is often increased so that the melt rubber breaks and the fog shift occurs.

Remedies: Moldflow simulation. It is possible to predict the temperature, shear rate, and shear stress of the melt passing through the above narrow zone. Moldflow generally provides an upper limit for the temperature, shear rate, and shear stress of various plastic materials. Moldflow engineers can make adjustments based on the analysis results to find the appropriate gate size and cavity wall thickness at the glue inlet to eliminate fog.

10. Streaks

Streaks are those in which water, air, or char is distributed in the direction of flow along the surface of the part.

Causes:

(1) The moisture content in the raw materials is too high

(2) Air is trapped in the raw material

(3) Polymer degradation: the material is contaminated, barrel temperature is too high; insufficient injection volume

Remedies:

Mold design:

Check if the exhaust position is sufficient Process:

(1) Choose the right injection molding machine and mold

(2) When switching materials, clean the old materials completely from the barrel

(3) Improve the exhaust system

(4)Reduce melt temperature, injection pressure or injection speed

11. Sink Marks

It is a phenomenon in which the surface of the part is concave at the wall thickness.

Causes:

(1) Injection pressure or holding pressure is too low

(2) The holding time or cooling time is too short

(3) Melt temperature or mold temperature is too high

(4) Improper design of the structure of the parts

Remedies:

Design:

(1) Corrugated surface on the surface where dents are easy to occur

(2) Reduce the thick wall size of the workpiece, minimize the aspect ratio, and the adjacent wall thickness ratio should be controlled at 1.5~2, and try to make a smooth transition. Redesign the thickness of the ribs, counterbore, and ribs. Their thickness is generally recommended as 40-80% of the basic wall thickness.

Process:

(1) Increase the injection pressure and pressure

(2) Increase the gate size or change the gate position

12. Weld Lines

The weld lines refer to the surface defect caused by the two streams being welded together.

Causes: If there are holes, inserts, or multi-gate injection molding methods in the fabricated parts or the wall thickness of the parts is uneven, weld lines may be generated.

Remedies:

Material: Increase the fluidity of plastic melt

Mold Design:

(1) Change the position of the gate

(2) Add a venting slot

Process:

(1) Increase the melt temperature

(2) Reduce the amount of release agent

13. Warpage

The most difficult problem to solve in the design and production of plastic parts is the warpage.

Causes:

(1)Mold structure: pouring, cooling system and ejection system

(2) Product structure: plastic parts wall thickness changes, with curved or asymmetrical geometry, ribs and BOSS column design is not reasonable

(3) Production process: the plastic parts are not fully cooled, and the injection and pressure holding curves are unreasonable

(4) Plastic materials: plastic materials have, no added fillers, and the size of the shrinkage is.

Remedies:

(1) The mold temperature is unstable. Provide cooling/heating balanced mold

(2) Irregular section thickness Redesigned product shape and size according to resin characteristics

At WayKen, we have encountered many similar plastic injection molding problems and solutions in some cases of prototype injection molding. In order to create injection molding products for our customers, we extremely take injection molding machine parts details and injection molding step by step to heart before manufacturing parts and during the injection molding process.

Speaking to RMC last night, Arsenal defender Laurent Koscielny discussed the future of the club’s boss, Arsène Wenger.

“I think that the squad is still receptive to Arsène Wenger’s message. The manager is there to prepare the players physically, tactically and to bring organisation to the pitch. Aside from that, it is up to the players to do what is necessary on the pitch to win matches. I want him to extend. I have worked under him for seven years, he is someone who I respect enormously.”

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Are you currently lying on the beach reading this blog or is your holiday booked? Then it’s important to know how to protect yourself from the sun while on holiday. Everyone knows how dangerous the sun can be for your skin and hair, but finding the right products is not always easy. In this blog, you will read six tips on how to prepare yourself for the sun and which products to order for the ultimate sun protection.

1. Order the right sunscreen

As everyone knows, sunscreen is a must when you go on holiday. If all goes well, you apply it several times a day when you are on holiday, yet we often hear that people still get sunburn. This could be due to the product or the way you apply it. Of course, there are several brands that sell sunscreen, from A-brand to their own private label, and it can often cost a bit.

Luckily, you’ve come to us! At A&F Cosmetics, we also have a number of sunscreens in our range, but at an affordable price. For instance, we have the Skin Doctor Face & Body Sunblock SPF50 for anyone who does not want to apply it too often, but wants to be well protected. Want to revitalize your skin right away? Then choose the DR Rashel Anti-Aging & Moisture Sun Spray that not only protects against UV radiation, but also keeps your skin young.

2. Cool and moisturise your skin

Not only during, but also after you’ve been in the sun, don’t forget about your skin. Cooling and moisturizing your skin is essential to prevent skin damage. Fortunately, this is quite easy to do. Many people recommend aftersun and this obviously works super, but there are other ways to do this in the form of body lotions and body milk.

Because just like you need to drink a lot, your skin also needs a lot of hydration. When you notice that your skin feels dry and warm, we recommend using the Fair & White Cream-Milk Extreme Hydration. You can also opt for a body lotion with extra vitamins and minerals. Prefer to use a lotion? Then we would choose the Cetaphil Moisturising Lotion.

3. Take a break between tanning

One of the simplest recommendations to protect yourself from the sun is to take plenty of breaks. Being in the sun for hours at a stretch is not the most ideal for your skin. That’s why it’s important to take plenty of breaks. Go back to your cottage, flat, hotel or caravan and enjoy the peace and quiet. A perfect way to unwind from the sun is with a lovely face mask.

Easily order some face masks and take them with you on holiday. That way, while enjoying a drink and a book, you can enjoy some time out of the sun. All while vitalising and hydrating your face. Choose the Makari Caviar Hydrating Face Mask and enjoy!

4. Use a moisturising shampoo and conditioner

Your skin is not the only thing affected by the sun. Your hair also needs to be protected from the sun’s UV rays, but how? With the right shampoo and conditioner, of course! At A&F Cosmetics, you can choose from a wide range of moisturizing shampoos and conditioners for different hair types. You have come to the right place if you want to order protective shampoo and conditioner.

After a whole day in the sun your hair, just like your skin, naturally gets bone-dry and it is important to give your hair extra hydration. So choose a moisturizing and nourishing shampoo and conditioner and enjoy the sun every day, worry-free! Quickly order African Pride’s hydrating shampoo and ApHogee’s hydrating conditioner and go on holiday prepared!

5. Get clean skin and maintain your tan

Of course, you want to come home with a nice tan. Sunbathing on holiday can of course give you a nice tan, but the beach, the sea or a swimming pool also puts a lot of dirt on your skin. Especially if you have applied sunscreen properly, because everything will stick. To get your skin ready for another day in the sun and to keep your tan well beyond your holiday, it is important to clean your skin every evening or morning.

In a previous blog, we gave tips on how to stay tanned longer after sunbathing and the product that helps with this is: body scrub. By exfoliating your skin daily while on holiday, you not only make sure your skin is ready for another day in the sun, but you also stay tanned longer. The product that should definitely be in your suitcase is the Fair & White Brightening Scrub With Argan.

6. Prevent burnt lips

Perhaps this tip is the most important because few people dwell on the risks of the sun on your lips. Your lips are always visible when you sunbathe and your lips can also get sunburned. Therefore, it is always wise to take a greasy and moisturising lip balm with you on holiday, because dry and chapped lips don’t make anyone happy.

Fortunately, we have several lip balms from the well-known brand Vaseline. These lip balms are small in size and perfect to carry in your pocket or bag. That way, you can be sure you always have lip balm with you, for when you need it. Some popular flavours include Vaseline Lip Therapy Cocoa and Vaseline Lip Therapy Rosy.

Always go on holiday prepared thanks to A&F Cosmetics

We hope you got some use out of our tips and can start enjoying your holidays without worries. If, after reading this blog, you still have questions about any of our products or want more information, please contact us!

Wondering what else we have in our range for your holidays or for daily use at home? Then take a look at our skin care products, hair care products, make-up and accessories.

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minimalist cat tree
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fat cat challenge
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full curve cutting
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add space

Comfort and appearance coexist

fenced cat litter
Enlarged disc, two-way fence, high security.

transparent space capsule
Increased size, high-strength frame, load-bearing up to 20kg or more.

Soft and comfortable hammock
It feels soft and delicate, enriching the cat’s adventurous personality.

Large space cat nest
A large cat nest made of thick solid wood, where cats can play happily.

< Product Parameters

• Product material: high-grade wooden board
• Dimensions: 40 x 40 x 145cm
• The dimensions are all measured by hand, there may be slight errors, please refer to the actual product.
• Please measure the required dimensions clearly. Reasons for exchange, return or refund due to inconsistent dimensions after purchase will not be accepted.
• Since the dimensions are all measured by hand, there may be slight errors. Please refer to the actual product.
• Made in China, or containing simplified Chinese packaging and instructions
• In case of any dispute, Pets Thing reserves the right of final decision.

#Product Trends

Liebherr Components Expands Pump and Motor Offerings

Liebherr expands the existing product portfolio of open circuit pumps by the nominal size of 550 and as a double pump by the nominal size of 1,100 cc (1,100 cm3). Moreover, the new nominal size of 100 adds to the LH30VO family.

DPVO 550i – on the pulse of current affairs with new nominal sizes of open circuit pumps

The mining and industrial sectors, as well as maritime applications place increasing demands on the availability and longevity of machines and technology. In order to keep up, the components product segment at the site in Bulle (Switzerland) is enlarging its product portfolio of open circuit pumps by the nominal size of 550, which can also be used as a double pump of 1,100 cc (1,100 cm3).

“Like all pumps in this product family, the DPVO 550i is characterized by a particular robustness. In the view of digitalization, this product is ready to incorporate various sensor technologies”, explains Guillaume Bonnetot, general manager Systems at Liebherr-Mining Equipment Colmar SAS. “We look forward to seeing Liebherr’s components in use in our own machines”.

LH30VO100 – the newest member of the pump family

Modularity is the signature trait of the LH30VO family with nominal sizes of 28, 45 and 85. Liebherr is further pursuing this approach with the inclusion of the nominal size of 100 cc (100 cm3). Among other things, the LH30VO100 consists of a modular system of eight controllers with a variety of combination options. The variable drive-through concept allows the selection and addition of further pumps, when installing them on the machine. In doing so, Liebherr-Components fulfills the growing demand for products with a high degree of flexibility. With all its nominal sizes, the entire LH30VO pump family offers a wide range of applications from mobile machinery and stationary hydraulics, for primary work functions to secondary applications, such as in fans, auxiliary drives or steering systems.

DMVA 165-165 – high power density and flexibility in control

The Liebherr axial piston double motor DMVA product family features a swash plate design for the use in open and closed circuit. It is especially popular for use in winch and drilling drives. Thanks to its back-to-back design, the two smaller rotary groups allow for significantly higher speeds as compared to a larger rotary group. Both swashplates can be swiveled independently or parallel to each other. The common connecting plate, in turn, makes the piping installation much easier. George and Peter Allpass of Alpine Logging based in South Africa, the manufacturer of cable logging winch systems for the timber industry worldwide, explain: “One of the advantages of the DMVA double motor is its impressive maximum speed. The inverse piston design with a swivel angle of 22° is very efficient and has a high power density, making it ideal for applications that require a wide conversion range. Not only does the product perform with great reliability, but the support and service by Liebherr are above our expectations.”

With these additions to the product portfolio, Liebherr is on par with current and future user requirements.

liebherr.com

在北京时间9月5日的报道中，多伦多猛龙队的球员RJ-巴雷特最近接受了媒体采访，分享了他对于被选入加拿大奥运男篮队伍的感受和体会。

巴雷特表示：“你知道，我从很小的时候就在沿着特定的轨迹发展。我们都知道，在高中时期的一些时间点上，只要我不断努力，我就能进入NBA。所以，他(巴雷特的父亲)总是尝试让我保持谦虚。他会说，‘所有的这些NBA话题都很酷，所有的这些排名也都很酷，但我是奥运选手，所以在你拥有这份荣誉之前，你什么都不要对我说。’”

巴雷特的父亲罗恩-巴雷特曾代表加拿大男篮参加了2000年的奥运会，1998年和2002年的男篮世锦赛，1993年、1997年、1999年和2003年的男篮美洲杯。

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High-end wood, durable, many cats play and sleep, stable and not shaking

Shake to sleep. Tranquil and comfortable
The woven hammock design at the bottom can be hung and removed, and can be used for shaking and sleeping.

Square solid wood columns. stable without shaking
The four-corner solid wood pillars on the bottom plate are firmly attached to the ground, which is stable and not easy to shake.

18% success rate. crafting each column
The cumbersome and delicate process of making materials, 30% of the precious wood will eventually take about 60%, and the cost will be spared to create a healthy paradise for cats.

Spacious big cat litter. Fat cat worry-free
The open design of the big cat nest allows pets to move around freely, beautiful and practical.

Increase the platform area. Worry-free for multi-cat families
The large platform design on the top makes the lazy posture unrestrained.

Product parameters

• Product material: rubber wood, acrylic, solid wood multi-layer board
• Cat climbing frame size: 160 x 40 x 60cm
• Space capsule diameter: 30cm
• Cat Hammock: 40 x 40cm
• Cat litter diameter: 40cm
• Cat platform diameter: 35cm
• Cat big diving platform: 30 x 50cm
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• Due to the fact that the size is all measured by hand, there may be slight errors, please refer to the actual product
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Polish international defensive midfielder and PSG man Grzegorz Krychowiak’s adventure with the Ligue 1 champions is becoming increasingly difficult, and, so long as the current coaching and playing hierarchy stays in place, he will strongly consider a summer transfer move.

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Le Parisien report that the majority of the PSG squad was upset by Unai Emery’s decision to bring Krychowiak on as a substitute in their 2nd leg clash with Barcelona last week, with the Polish international having spent the previous weeks featuring for the PSG reserve team outfit.

Krychowiak has been surprisingly, largely unimpressive for his new club this season, despite knowing Unai Emery well from their joint time together at Sevilla.