Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials commonly used in sanitary pads.

## Core Absorbent Material

The core of a sanitary pad is designed to absorb and retain menstrual fluid. The primary materials used for this purpose include:

– **Wood Pulp**: A highly absorbent material derived from wood fibers. It is often blended with other materials to enhance absorption and retention.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: A synthetic material that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to its own mass. SAP is often used in combination with wood pulp to improve the pad’s absorbency.

## Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester, nonwoven fabrics are soft, breathable, and allow for quick liquid penetration.
– **Perforated Film**: A thin, flexible film with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage. It is typically made from:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A waterproof material that provides a barrier against leaks. It is often embossed or textured to improve grip and prevent slipping.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: A more advanced material that allows air to pass through while still preventing liquid leakage, enhancing comfort.

## Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place. The types of adhesives used include:

– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive**: Applied to the back sheet, this adhesive sticks to underwear when pressure is applied, ensuring the pad stays in place.
– **Hot Melt Adhesive**: Used in the manufacturing process to bond different layers of the pad together.

## Additional Components

Some sanitary pads may include additional components for enhanced performance:

– **Wings**: Extensions on the sides of the pad that fold over the edges of underwear to provide extra security and prevent leakage.
– **Fragrance**: Added to some pads to mask odors, though this can cause irritation for some users.
– **Moisturizers**: Included in certain pads to provide a soothing effect on the skin.

## Properties of Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure effectiveness and comfort:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain liquid is crucial for the core material.
– **Softness**: The top sheet must be soft to prevent irritation and ensure comfort.
– **Breathability**: Materials should allow air to circulate to reduce the risk of skin irritation and discomfort.
– **Leakage Prevention**: The back sheet must be impermeable to liquids to prevent leaks.
– **Hypoallergenic**: Materials should be non-irritating and safe for sensitive skin.

Understanding the composition and properties of the raw materials used in sanitary pads helps in making informed choices about the products we use. It also highlights the importance of quality control and innovation in the production of these essential hygiene products.