Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

The primary components of sanitary pads include the top sheet, absorbent core, back sheet, and adhesive. Each of these components is made from specific raw materials that contribute to the overall functionality and comfort of the pad.

### Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It is typically made from non-woven fabric or perforated film. The materials used must be soft, breathable, and hypoallergenic to prevent irritation.

### Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of the sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is usually composed of a blend of fluff pulp and superabsorbent polymers (SAP). Fluff pulp provides bulk and softness, while SAP enhances absorbency.

### Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer that prevents leakage. It is commonly made from polyethylene film, which is waterproof and flexible. Some back sheets may also include a breathable microporous film to enhance comfort.

### Adhesive

Adhesive is used to secure the pad to the underwear. It is typically a pressure-sensitive adhesive that is strong enough to hold the pad in place but gentle enough to be removed without leaving residue.

## Properties of Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure the product’s effectiveness and safety.

### Softness and Comfort

Materials used in the top sheet and absorbent core must be soft to prevent chafing and irritation. Non-woven fabrics and fluff pulp are chosen for their gentle texture.

### Absorbency

High absorbency is crucial for the absorbent core. Superabsorbent polymers are highly effective in retaining large amounts of liquid, ensuring that the pad remains dry and comfortable.

### Leakage Prevention

The back sheet must be impermeable to liquids to prevent leakage. Polyethylene film is widely used for its excellent waterproof properties.

### Hypoallergenic

Given the sensitive nature of the skin in the genital area, all materials must be hypoallergenic to minimize the risk of allergic reactions.

## Environmental Considerations

With increasing awareness of environmental issues, there is a growing demand for eco-friendly sanitary pads. Manufacturers are exploring biodegradable materials and reducing the use of plastics in their products.

### Biodegradable Materials

Some companies are using biodegradable materials such as bamboo fiber and cornstarch-based polymers for the top sheet and absorbent core. These materials break down more easily in the environment compared to traditional synthetic materials.

### Reduced Plastic Usage

Efforts are being made to reduce the amount of plastic used in sanitary pads. For example, some back sheets are now made from biodegradable films or recycled materials.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads play a critical role in their performance and comfort. From the soft top sheet to the highly absorbent core and leak-proof back sheet, each component is carefully selected to meet the needs of users. As environmental concerns grow, the industry is also shifting towards more sustainable materials, ensuring that sanitary pads remain both effective and eco-friendly.